"视其後者而鞭之"的意思及出处来源翻译赏析

《书晁说之《考牧图》后》是苏轼的一首诗词。以下是诗词的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

我昔在田间，但知羊与牛。
In the past, I only knew about sheep and cattle in the fields.

川平牛背稳，如驾百斛舟。
The backs of the cattle were steady like a boat carrying a hundred measures of grain.

舟行无人岸自移，我卧读书牛不知。
The boat moved without any human effort, and while lying down and reading, the cattle were unaware.

前有百尾羊，听我鞭声如鼓鼙。
There were a hundred sheep ahead, listening to the sound of my whip like a drumbeat.

我鞭不妄发，视其后者而鞭之。
I did not whip indiscriminately, but only whipped those behind.

泽中草木长，草长病牛羊。
The grass grew abundantly in the marsh, but the excessive growth of grass caused the cattle and sheep to fall ill.

寻山跨坑谷，腾趠筋骨强。
Searching mountains, crossing valleys, their tendons and bones are strong and agile.

烟蓑雨笠长林下，老去而今空见画。
In the smoke-covered fields, under the long forest, I am now old and can only see paintings.

世间马耳射东风，悔不长作多牛翁。
In this world, those who ignore good advice are like horses ignoring the east wind. I regret not becoming a wealthy cattle owner.

这首诗词描绘了诗人年轻时在田间饲养牛羊的场景。诗人描述了牛背如舟，行进自如，他在驾驭牛羊时使用鞭子，但只对落后的牛羊进行鞭打，不妄加惩罚。然而，过度茂盛的草木导致牛羊生病。诗人经过山林，骑着牛羊穿越险峻的地形，展现出它们强壮而敏捷的身体。最后，诗人回顾自己年老的岁月，在烟雨笼罩的田野中，他只能看到画作中的场景。他对自己没有成为富有的养牛人感到后悔，将自己比喻为马耳射东风的人。

这首诗表达了诗人对田园生活和朴素的农耕生活的怀念，并以此反衬自己在现实中的无奈和遗憾。通过描绘牛羊的形象和自然景物，诗人展示了对大自然的赞美和对人与自然和谐相处的向往。诗中的牛羊和山水风景也具有象征意义，代表了诗人对自由、力量和宁静的追求。整首诗词以简洁明快的语言和生动的形象，展现了苏轼独特的写作风格和对自然和人生的深刻思考。